Genitourinary System Disorders Practice Test

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• Which statement best describes the progression of diabetic nephropathy?
• In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), what is the inheritance pattern and the typical imaging finding?
• A client reports vulvar pruritus. Which assessment finding most strongly suggests a Candida albicans infection?
• Which statement correctly describes lipid nephrosis and minimal change disease?
• Which laboratory value best estimates overall kidney function?
• Nurse Erica plans to administer a Kayexalate enema to a client with a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L. Correct administration and outcome would include the client:
• Prehn sign is positive in which condition?
• Which statement best explains the edema in nephrotic syndrome?
• Which tumor markers are used in evaluating testicular germ cell tumors and what do they indicate?
• What is the primary purpose of a Pap smear in the context of condylomata acuminata?
• What effect does RAAS activation have on the kidney, and how do ACE inhibitors alter this?
• Which statement about genital warts (condylomata acuminata) is appropriate to share with the patient?
• Which class of medication optimizes urinary flow acutely in a patient with BPH?
• Which nephron segment is primarily responsible for countercurrent multiplication and water/solute handling?
• During assessment of the renal region, a dull percussion note at the costovertebral angle is most consistent with which interpretation?
• Which feature more strongly suggests acute pyelonephritis rather than acute cystitis?
• Post-TURP, which catheter is used for continuous bladder irrigation?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical contributor to renal osteodystrophy in CKD?
• During a walk in the hospital lobby with a Foley catheter, which action demonstrates proper drainage bag management?
• What is the most favorable time frame for salvaging a torsed testis if detorsion occurs promptly?
• Postpercutaneous lithotripsy, the nurse should instruct the client to:
• Acute kidney injury is classified into three categories. Which category is caused by urinary tract obstruction?
• Dialysis equilibrium syndrome is most common during the first few dialysis sessions. Typical presentation includes:
• How do acute and chronic prostatitis differ in duration and presenting features?
• What is the radiographic appearance of uric acid stones on plain X-ray?
• What is considered the optimal vascular access for long-term hemodialysis?
• Which finding best describes nephrotic syndrome?
• Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy should be treated to prevent pyelonephritis; commonly with:
• Which STIs are most associated with urethritis in men?
• Common pathogens causing acute bacterial prostatitis and typical empiric therapy?
• Which statement best captures the hallmark features of nephritic syndrome?
• A patient with severe hyperkalemia from renal failure has which assessment as the first priority?
• Which test is used to assess micturition flow in men with suspected BPH?
• Which type of kidney stone is most commonly associated with infection and formed in the setting of urease-producing bacteria?
• During a transurethral resection of the prostate, a triple-lumen catheter is used for irrigation. Which statement correctly describes one function of the lumens?
• Which rectal examination finding would most strongly indicate a urethral injury in a male patient?
• Urge incontinence management includes which approach?
• Which lipid abnormalities are commonly seen in nephrotic syndrome?
• During continuous bladder irrigation after TURP, what practice helps prevent infection?
• What does the presence of red blood cell casts in urine signify?
• Name a major risk factor for bladder cancer.
• Is imaging always required before surgical management in suspected torsion?
• What is the most widely used procedure for prostate gland removal?
• Which medication class is commonly used to facilitate passage of distal ureteral stones?
• Which statement best describes the key difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?
• Which urine pH pairing is correct for stone formation?
• For a patient in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, which nursing intervention is most important?
• Why are patients with diabetes at high risk of nephropathy and what are early screening measures?
• In cystinuria, what therapy is used for refractory stones?
• Which antibiotic-related statement about sun exposure is accurate?
• Which finding is most characteristic of nephritic syndrome?
• In chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, what is typical regarding etiology and presentation?
• Which laboratory finding supports a diagnosis of pyelonephritis?
• Which of the following is NOT a major stone composition?
• Which symptom most likely prompted a male patient with gonorrhea to seek medical attention?
• Which statement correctly describes minimal change disease in children?
• What is a common first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction and its major contraindication?
• Which urine sediment finding is most characteristic of glomerulonephritis?
• In chronic renal failure, which disturbance is most likely?
• What is the classic triad and paraneoplastic feature associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC)?
• After lithotripsy, which finding should prompt reporting to the physician due to possible infection?
• Renal cell carcinoma can cause polycythemia through ectopic erythropoietin production. Which hematologic change does this cause?
• Before excretory urography, which hydration status is considered normal according to the case material?
• A malignant GU tumor commonly presenting with painless hematuria is:
• In nephrotic syndrome, hyperlipidemia increases the risk of which cardiovascular complication?
• After transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with a three-way catheter and continuous bladder irrigation, which finding suggests the catheter is occluded?
• Sterile pyuria is defined as pyuria without bacterial growth. Which conditions can present with sterile pyuria?
• Which structure is NOT part of the nephron?
• Which childhood infectious disease most significantly affects male fertility?
• In PSGN, complement pattern typical?
• Which tumor marker elevation is most associated with overall tumor burden in testicular germ cell tumors?
• In the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, which laboratory finding would most indicate reduced kidney function?
• For suspected kidney stones during pregnancy, which imaging modality is preferred?
• What is a ureteropelvic junction obstruction and how is it diagnosed?
• In diabetic nephropathy, the typical initial abnormal finding is:
• What is the critical time window for surgical detorsion in testicular torsion to maximize salvage?
• A patient with acute pyelonephritis on antibiotic therapy shows which finding as best evidence the regimen is being followed?
• Post-renal obstruction affects kidney function by:
• In post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which lab pattern is typical?
• In percutaneous lithotripsy, the ultrasonic probe is inserted through which structure into the renal pelvis?
• Which of the following best describes nephrotic syndrome and the mechanism of edema?
• In chronic kidney disease–related bone-mineral disorder, which hormone is primarily involved in secondary hyperparathyroidism?
• During lithotripsy, fragmentation of renal calculi is achieved by which method?
• Which statement distinguishes nephrotic edema from nephritic edema?
• Which pathogens are commonly implicated in community-acquired urinary tract infections?
• In the LUTS spectrum for BPH, which of the following is not a storage symptom?
• Which of the following is a major stone composition?
• How is hyperphosphatemia in CKD typically managed?
• What is a common cause of acute urinary retention in older men?
• Which scenario constitutes urgent dialysis indications?
• Which imaging modality is most sensitive for detecting an acute kidney stone?
• What is the role of PSA testing in screening for prostate cancer and its limitations?
• Which presentation is most consistent with cystitis?
• Which prostatic zone is most commonly involved in cancer?
• Which urinalysis finding strongly suggests a urinary tract infection?
• Which KDIGO CKD stage corresponds to an estimated GFR of 302 44 mL/min/1.73 m2?
• What is the initial management for an acute kidney stone episode in a stable patient?
• Which statement about the risk and Pap smear schedule in HPV-related genital infections is correct?
• What annual screening is recommended to detect early diabetic nephropathy?
• Which pairing correctly matches urinary incontinence type with a typical first-line management?
• Which medication is most likely prescribed to decrease pain and frequency in a lower urinary tract infection?
• Which sexually transmitted disease must be reported to the public health department?
• Why is anemia common in chronic kidney disease, and which hormone is deficient?
• Fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa) is used to distinguish prerenal from intrinsic AKI. Which FeNa value suggests prerenal AKI?
• Which Doppler ultrasound finding supports a diagnosis of testicular torsion in a stable patient?
• Which condition is characterized by sudden severe unilateral testicular pain with a high-riding testis and absent cremasteric reflex?
• Which statement about urinary incontinence in older adults is accurate?
• Which anatomical predisposition can contribute to torsion?
• Which metric is commonly used to quantify albumin loss in urine for CKD assessment?
• Nurse Grace is assessing a male client diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which symptom most likely prompts the client to seek medical attention?
• In testicular torsion assessment, which sign is most classically absent on the affected side?
• Which physical exam finding is most characteristic of testicular torsion?
• What combination of tests is typically used for initial evaluation of suspected prostate cancer?
• In suspected testicular torsion, color Doppler ultrasound finding that supports diagnosis is:
• Which feature best distinguishes Goodpasture syndrome clinically?
• In a stroke patient at risk for urinary incontinence, which practice best supports continence?
• What is neurogenic bladder and how does it relate to overflow incontinence?
• Before excretory urography, a patient is normally mildly hypovolemic before the test. Which history finding would call for the patient to be well hydrated instead?
• For a urinary tract infection, which test result best demonstrates infection is present?
• Which scenario is most suggestive of testicular torsion?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between HPV infection and cervical cancer risk?
• Which mineral abnormality is commonly elevated in CKD and drives secondary hyperparathyroidism?
• After transurethral resection of the prostate with continuous bladder irrigation, a patient reports bladder pain on the first postoperative day. What should the nurse do first?
• A renal clearance test is used to assess the kidneys’ ability to remove a substance from plasma over what time interval?
• Which nursing intervention best promotes urinary continence in a client recovering from a cerebrovascular accident?
• Which scenario is most likely to cause prerenal acute kidney injury?
• In a client with acute renal failure, which drug would not require adjustment of dosage or dosing schedule?
• A female client with a urinary tract infection is prescribed co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Which instruction should the nurse provide?
• After ileal conduit creation, redness around the stoma suggests an ill-fitting appliance. Which statement is accurate?
• Which nephron component is primarily responsible for filtration?
• The test detects bacteria that convert nitrates to nitrites in urine is the:
• A 24-year-old female diagnosed with condylomata acuminata (genital warts) asks what information is appropriate to share. Which statement is correct?
• In torsion, how is the affected testis typically positioned?
• Which statement best explains the rationale for fluid restriction in oliguric acute renal failure?
• A female client with an indwelling urinary catheter is suspected of having a urinary tract infection. Which method should the nurse use to collect a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity?
• In postprocedure care after renal angiography via a femoral puncture, which action is appropriate?
• Which organism is most commonly responsible for community-acquired UTIs in healthy women?
• What are common causes of male infertility and what is included in the initial evaluation?
• What causes cystine stones?
• During review of a urinalysis, which value would be considered abnormal?
• A male client is admitted for treatment of acute glomerulonephritis. On initial assessment, which sign is a classic indicator of sudden onset glomerulonephritis?
• In adults with nephrotic syndrome, which pattern is more common than minimal change disease in children?
• Catheter-associated urinary tract infections typically involve a broader range of organisms compared to community-acquired UTIs. Which statement is true?
• In testicular torsion, which reflex is typically absent?
• What is the typical initial evaluation for painless hematuria?
• Which sign best indicates peritoneal dialysis–associated peritonitis?
• Which medication class is contraindicated with PDE-5 inhibitors due to risk of hypotension?
• Non-contrast CT abdomen/pelvis for suspected nephrolithiasis images which regions?
• In acute hyperkalemia management for CKD/AKI, what is the first step?
• Which statement correctly describes Kayexalate’s mechanism for reducing potassium in hyperkalemia?
• Uric acid stones form in urine with which pH?
• Nurse Eve is caring for a client who had a cerebrovascular accident. Which nursing intervention promotes urinary continence?
• Which action best reduces the risk of a catheter-associated urinary tract infection?
• A male patient with an ileal conduit has surrounding skin that is red, weeping, and painful around the stoma. What is the most likely cause?
• What is papillary necrosis significance and presentation?
• Urine culture results in chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome are:
• What is the most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer in adults and a major risk factor?
• How does benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cause lower urinary tract symptoms, and which receptors are targeted by alpha-blockers?
• Fluid intake and urine output should relate in which way?
• General management goals for CKD across stages include which of the following?
• A patient develops acute renal failure after receiving a nephrotoxic antibiotic and has a 24-hour urine output of 240 mL. The nurse suspects risk for which condition?
• Testicular torsion most commonly occurs in which age group?
• The client underwent transurethral resection of the prostate and is on continuous bladder irrigation. Which nursing practice is appropriate?
• Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a client with renal calculi?
• Which finding signals a significant problem during peritoneal dialysis?
• What is the typical duration of antibiotics for acute bacterial prostatitis?
• How can epididymo-orchitis be distinguished from torsion clinically?
• Calcium phosphate stones form in which urine pH?
• To monitor CKD progression in diabetics, clinicians commonly use:
• What is included in the LUTS spectrum for BPH?
• Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly seen in chronic kidney disease?
• Which urinalysis finding is consistent with pyuria?
• Which is an indication for renal replacement therapy in CKD?
• What GFR threshold is commonly used to consider renal replacement therapy?
• In suspected prerenal AKI, how is the BUN/creatinine ratio interpreted?
• Which nursing diagnosis best applies to a patient with renal calculi?
• Which management statement regarding gonorrhea is accurate?
• Renal osteodystrophy is bone disease due to:
• What is a lipiduria finding characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?
• Which test is used to quantify proteinuria after a dipstick indicates nephrotic-range proteinuria?
• Which of the following is an appropriate management for stress incontinence in adults?
• Which statement best explains how ACE inhibitors slow kidney disease progression in proteinuric disease?
• CKD staging is based on estimated GFR. Which statement correctly matches stage 3?
• What is the role and limitation of PSA testing in prostate cancer screening?
• Which regimen is an appropriate first-line empiric therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in nonpregnant women when local resistance allows?
• Which finding is typical of nephritic syndrome?
• A client with chronic renal failure is being discharged. Which dietary instruction is appropriate?
• Postrenal AKI results from which mechanism?
• What is the classic clinical presentation of testicular torsion?
• To facilitate urinary catheter insertion for an anxious patient, the nurse should instruct the client to:
• What is the gold-standard initial imaging for suspected nephrolithiasis in adults?
• What urinary finding is classic for nephrotic-range proteinuria on dipstick?
• Which imaging modality best evaluates hydronephrosis due to obstruction?
• Which statement defines stage 5 CKD?
• Which stone types commonly benefit from citrate therapy?
• In polycystic kidney disease, how does kidney enlargement affect function over time?
• In chronic kidney disease, which electrolyte disturbance and bone-mineral disorder commonly occur due to dysregulated phosphate and parathyroid hormone?
• If testicular torsion is strongly suspected, what is the best next step rather than delaying for imaging?
• A male client presents with sudden severe scrotal pain radiating to the groin, swelling, and nausea. Which condition should be suspected first?
• Which of the following is a common systemic complication of chronic kidney disease?
• Which therapy addresses metabolic acidosis in CKD?
• Nurse Vic is monitoring fluid intake/output for a female client recovering from exploratory laparotomy. Which nursing intervention would help prevent a urinary tract infection?
• Which finding most strongly suggests testicular torsion over epididymitis?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to renal transplantation?
• For an uncomplicated urinary tract infection, the usual duration of norfloxacin therapy is:
• How is testicular cancer staged and what imaging studies are typical?
• Renal calculi can form anywhere in the urinary tract. What is the most common formation site?
• Which finding is most characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?
• Which feature would be least typical of testicular torsion?
• Struvite stones form in which urine condition?
• Which strategies reduce urinary stone recurrence?
• A patient with chronic renal failure who is undergoing hemodialysis is admitted. After the session, the patient is most likely to experience which of the following?
• Which condition is the classic differential diagnosis for an acutely swollen, painful scrotum that typically presents with gradual onset and fever?
• Which type of acute kidney injury is caused by decreased renal perfusion?
• In diabetic kidney disease, microalbuminuria typically progresses to:
• Which drug should be withheld before hemodialysis?
• In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), what does imaging typically show early in the disease?
• The most common presenting symptom of bladder cancer is painless hematuria. True or false?
• What is the primary functional unit of the kidney?
• Which statement best differentiates testicular torsion from epididymitis in terms of age group and clinical features?
• What is vesicoureteral reflux and its clinical significance in children?
• During a scrotal examination, the nurse finds a nodule. Which action is the next best step?
• During an assessment of the costovertebral angle, a normal percussion result yields which sound?
• In a bladder retraining program, which measure should the nurse include?
• Which statement correctly differentiates obstructive azoospermia from non-obstructive azoospermia?
• Untreated testicular torsion most commonly leads to which outcome?
• Which stone type is commonly radiolucent and associated with gout?
• Which statement about urinary incontinence in the elderly is true?
• Which urine pH condition favors struvite stone formation?
• Which statement is true regarding HPV infection and condylomata acuminata?
• Which medication class reduces prostate size over months in BPH?
• Which statement best defines stage 1 CKD?
• What is the most urgent action when torsion is suspected in any age group?
• Which medication reduces prostate size over months to treat BPH?
• Which sequence correctly describes the process of urine formation in the nephron?
• A female adult client with a gunshot wound to the abdomen shows an assessment finding consistent with acute renal failure. Which finding supports ARF?
• Name two main drug classes used to treat BPH and describe their mechanism.
• On urinalysis, nitrites are most helpful for diagnosing a urinary tract infection because they indicate which of the following?
• Which statement best describes the mechanism of hemodialysis?